My laboratory has explored the cell signaling mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of infection and immunity using a multidisciplinary approach involving structural biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and immunology. These studies led to a series of findings, including the discovery that the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) is an immunoregulatory system that senses RNA virus infection and triggers immune responses. Furthermore, this approach elucidated the immune evasion and pathogenesis mechanisms of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus as well as the survival and pathogenesis mechanisms of sepsis-causing Vibrio vulnificus facing limited nutrient availability in its host. In addition, we revealed the molecular mechanism underlying how the redox-dependent multifunctional protein thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) negatively regulates thioredoxin (TRX) and plays a pivotal role in the cell signaling pathways that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is linked with various cancers and metabolic syndromes. Based on this experience, my laboratory currently investigates the importance of translation control to maintain cellular homeostasis under various stress conditions, including infection. We have paid particular attention to the MSC, which may be a cellular hub for regulation of global cell signaling. In this regard, we aim to determine the structure of the MSC and elucidate the mechanisms via which it functions by adopting multidisciplinary approaches.